Explain the principle psychological perspective Essay

Behaviorist A point of view implies a method of seeing things. Behaviorist is the primary methodology in this measure. Behaviorist is the investigation of human personalities, they study conduct. The behaviorist considers the to be as a discovery, this is on the grounds that as they study creatures it is anything but difficult to analysis, and they imagine that people and creatures are comparable. The behaviorist needed to become researcher, which is the reason they completed the analysis. In spite of the fact that JB Watson (1887) was the author of this scholar he considered crafted by Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936). Pavlov did an investigation once on a canine. The pooch salivated each opportunity Pavlov went to the lab with the food. The pooch at that point began partner the time, the chime and the earthy colored coat. This sort of affiliation is called great molding. JB Watson additionally once probed a young man called Albert. JB Watson instructed Albert to have dread of the rodents. Albert had a white cushioned hare. One day a white rodent came pass Albert, however Albert didn't appear to be scared. JB Watson remained behind Albert’s back with metals. Each time the rodent went pass JB slammed the metals and Albert was frightened, JB did this couple of times until Albert was terrified of the rodent, anyway Albert was not just frightened of the white rodent, it was likewise frightened of his white soft hare as them to creatures has a similar shading. BF Skinner was likewise another behaviorist scholar, he did an analysis on a rodent in a confine, he put some food on the food bed for the rodent, the rodent accidently put its foot on the switch and food came out. So the rodent did this couple of time and realized that if the rodent puts the foot on the switch food would come out, this sort of analysis was encouraging feedback. On the contrary Skinner investigated the negative support. Skinner examined this by giving the rodent a little electric stun at whatever point it squeezed the switch. The outcome of switch squeezing was experienced as terrible, so the rodent figured out how to quit squeezing the switch. Psycho dynamic Freud ( 1856-1939) and Erikson(1902-194) are two men who concocted the psycho dynamic hypothesis. Freud said that we people resemble creatures driven by essential organic natures. He thought of the mind thought. He said that the mind thought had three phases, ID implies the fundamental creature nature, for instance, eating dozing and repeating, SUPER EGO implies profound quality and EGO implies reality and rationale. It is said that Freud was the soonest masterminds to bring open consideration that us people are not generally mindful of certain viewpoints in our lives. He accepted that we lock up recollections that we would prefer not to recall or feeling that we would prefer not to uncover some place in our cerebrums. He alluded cognizance to a tip of an icy mass. He alluded pre awareness at the center of the icy mass and he additionally alluded obviousness as at the base of the chunk of ice. He additionally thought of protection systems. He realized that when individuals would pref er not to recall things, they need to deny it. This instrument has five phases. Forswearing is the point at which an individual reject the idea or feeling, suppression is the point at which we push down the awful recollections to the obviousness anyway it could spill at certain focuses. Projection is the point at which an individual pushes the social unsatisfactory considerations or sentiments to another person. Legitimization implies rationalizing and finally sublimation is putting all the energies onto something different. Freud additionally thought of the early experience; he concocted this thought which has five phases. Oral methods mouth, butt-centric methods rear-end, phallic is a Latin word for penis, inactive which means resting and genital which implies private parts. Erikson concurs with Freud anyway he felt that this proceeds for a mind-blowing duration time and were basically social in nature. Social Learning Theory The scholar of social learning hypothesis is bandura. He is supposed to be thoughtful towards behaviorist. Despite the fact that bandura doesn't reprimand, he advises the behaviorist to develop to it. Bandura concurs with the uplifting feedback. Albert bandura said that inclining happens in social circumstances, for example, in the family or with companions and others. How Skinner thought of uplifting feedback, Albert concocted vicarious fortification, this implies when individuals watch and get influenced. For instance, Barbara regards her mom and the dad adulates her, her sister is watching it yet she gets influenced by how she is getting rewarded by her folks, Barbara’s sister was vicariously strengthened. The other thought bandura concocted was good example and demonstrating. The individuals we gain from are our good example yet the way toward copying the individual is called displaying. Displaying has five phases, consideration, which is the point at which an individual i s pulled in to a big name or an individual they truly like. Maintenance is the point at which the individual is keeping the similarity inside them, propagation is the point at which he individual duplicates the conduct, inspiration is the point at which the individual is enticed to do what the big name does and in conclusion self viability is the point at which the individual is certain about one territory. It is said that we don't copy all conduct we watch and recollect. Humanistic This methodology has been found by two scholar called Carl Rogers (1902-1987) and Abraham Maslow. Carl Rogers (1902-1087) hypothesis depends on center and it is likewise founded on the years he has been managing various customers with various issues. Rogers considers individuals to be acceptable and he believes that â€Å"good emotional wellness is a characteristic movement of human development†. This statement shows that he is expressing that person naturally recognize what is awful and what isn't. Rogers thought of a thought of an actualisation hypothesis. This is the regular inspiration that each person has. For instance, we as individuals attempt to do hazardous things, for example, traveling to the moon. A portion of our leisure activities is to make music and paint pictures, we do all since we need to be as well as can be expected, accomplish and get effective later on. He likewise thought of the possibility of unqualified constructive respect; he said this is when indiv iduals like you, on account of who you are paying little heed to your exhibitions and similarity. Something contrary to this is contingent positive respect, which essentially clarifies when somebody prefers you if their desires are satisfied. At the end of the day, Rogers accepted that a portion of the individuals feel needed and had a place when they satisfied different people’s desires and that is the point at which they create restrictive self respect. Intellectual Approach Intellectual methodology is found by three scholar, Jean Piaget, Kelly and beck/Ellis. With the innovation of PCs and different guides mind exercises resembled the activity of a PC. Heaps of explores have been given to comprehend the procedure of subjective, for example, consideration, memory data preparing and critical thinking. Jean Piaget thought of a thought identified with how individuals create for the duration of their lives. He reached a resolution that discernment creates through a progression of stages. There are four phases that Piaget has referenced in the hypothesis. The main stage is known as the tactile engine, it implies that babies from 0 to 2 are encountering through engine and the sense. stage 2 is the pre operational, this is when kids from 2 to 7 create dialects alongside the memory, stage 3 is the solid operational which implies that the kid would now be able to get preservations however can't take care of issues yet. The last stage is the conventional stage, th is is the point at which the kids can extract musings and present issues of their own and others. Organic Approach The scholar of this hypothesis is called Arnold Gessel (1880-1961), Gessel thought of the thought is that individuals are brought into the world with a lot of qualities and the qualities conveys various characters, so the scholar is expressing that conduct doesn't to do with condition and what jar of individuals you associate with yet it is to do with the qualities the individual is brought into the world with. This is very extraordinary to the humanistic methodology where the viability of support is central. Gessel accepts that as the infant is being framed in the belly of the mother, for instance, the heart being first to shape. As the youngster builds up the qualities permits to blossom over the individual. The scholar concocted the hereditary effects on conduct thought. He imagines that qualities impact conduct from multiple points of view, a few sicknesses, for example, Huntingdon’s malady is brought about by the qualities brought about by the guardians qualities or the q ualities from the family. This issue will change the person’s conduct, for instance, they will talk in suitably and they will get forceful.

Top Six (Really) FREE Image Sites - The Writers For Hire

TOP SIX (REALLY) FREE IMAGE SITES With the Internet’s apparently interminable stream of pictures for some random subject, it’s difficult to know which ones are allowed to utilize, and which ones are ensured by severe copyrights. Seeing a enormous watermark on a picture is commonly a decent sign that the picture you are taking a gander at is copyrighted. In any case, imagine a scenario where there is no undeniable copyright. watermark? What's more, imagine a scenario where you can tap on the picture and spare it to your. PC? Does that imply that you are lawfully allowed to utilize that picture for your own sites or websites? The appropriate responses to these inquiries are not in every case clear, and in any event, when you think you are following the correct strides to ensure you are utilizing a picture that isn't copyrighted, pictures that appear to be sans copyright are in some cases just copyright free in specific circumstances. The Sticky Details of Copyright Laws Sadly, picture copyright laws can be confused to explore. Furthermore, disregarding those copyright laws can prompt punishments and costly claims. Of course, there is an opportunity that the picture you use will never be found. However, actually that whoever snapped that photo or made that picture has the right to be appropriately credited furthermore, made up for their work. That is where copyright licenses, and the laws that ensure them, become an integral factor. There is a immense cluster of various copyright licenses that control how and when pictures can be utilized. A few licenses are prohibitive, while others permit open and free utilization of the picture. The stunt is making sense of which permit your picture is secured by, and what that permit permits and denies. For instance, Flickr pictures are ensured under eight unique sorts of Creative Commons copyright licenses. The specific permit utilized for every individual picture is up to the watchfulness of whoever made or possesses the picture. Along these lines, when utilizing Flickr pictures, it is significant that you discover which Creative Commons permit is material to the specific picture that you wish to utilize. Sorts of Copyright Licenses While there are various copyright licenses out there, the absolute most regularly found licenses are: All Rights Reserved: With this permit, the copyright holder saves all rights given by copyright law. This incorporates the option to cause duplicates, to appropriate the picture, and permit or in any case misuse their work; no rights are postponed under this license.Royalty Free: A sovereignty free permit permits you to utilize the picture without paying any sort of eminence. Eminence free pictures are commonly found on stock-photograph destinations, where the eminence has been paid effectively through your enrollment to the site.Public Domain Work: Images grouped under the Public Space have been distinguished as being liberated from known limitations under copyright law. This implies the picture is liberated to be utilized for all reasons, without requiring to look for authorization or pay a fee.Attribution: If a picture is secured by the Attribution permit, it might be utilized for individual or business purposes, as long as the client gives appropriate credit, gives a connect to the permit, and shows whether any progressions were made to the first image.Attribution-ShareAlike: Like the Attribution permit, this permit permits free utilization of the picture with appropriate attribution. It additionally requires that on the off chance that you change or expand upon the picture in any capacity, you should convey your commitment under a similar permit as the original.Attribution-NoDerivs: Again, this permit follows the equivalent runs as the Attribution permit; be that as it may, on the off chance that you roll out any improvements to the unique, you may not convey the adjusted image.Attribution-NonCommercial: With the NonCommercial condition to the Attribution permit, you may just utilize the picture for individual use. The picture may not be utilized for business purposes. Teaching yourself on precisely what these licenses spread, and ensuring you know which permit relates to your picture, is basic on the off chance that you wish to maintain a strategic distance from any conceivable copyright encroachments. Punishments For Copyright Infringements Making the error of utilizing a copyrighted picture without authorization can hold some lovely heavy outcomes. First of all, it’s in no way enjoyable to get a startling looking â€Å"Cease and Desist† letter or an â€Å"Unauthorized Use Report† email. Surprisingly more terrible, however, is the point at which those notifices are joined by an interest that you pay a permit charge or face further lawful activity. What's more, in the event that you figure you can pull off overlooking the notification and expense request, reconsider! Fizzling to react to the stop this instant can cost you a fine of somewhere in the range of $200 to $150,000, in addition to lawyer expenses and harms. To finish it off, the picture proprietor can accept it to the extent utilizing the DCMA (Digital Thousand years Copyright Act) to get your whole site shut down. Things being what they are, How would you Know whether Images are Truly Copyright Free? The best way to know without a doubt is to look into the permit for the specific picture that you need to utilize. When utilizing locales, for example, Flickr or Shutterstock, every individual picture ought to have a permitting understanding that clarifies whether the picture can be utilized, for what reason it might be utilized, and whether there is a charge related with its utilization. In any case, if you are just doing a Google picture search, the permit data isn't continuously simple to discover. Regularly, it is about difficult to discover who really claims the permit for a large number of the pictures. Furthermore, despite the fact that it is conceivable to set Google parameters to show just copyright free pictures, there is no assurance that the pictures that are indicated are really copyright free. For this reason, we suggest that you generally pick your pictures from a site where authorizing data is obviously presented and simple on comprehend. While there are a wide range of picture locales to browse, these are our main six top choice locales with the expectation of complimentary pictures: https://www.pexels.com/https://burst.shopify.comhttps://www.reshot.comhttps://pixabay.comhttps://gratisography.com/https://pxhere.com/ Not exclusively do these locales contain amazingly lovely pictures, they all additionally unmistakably express that their pictures are accessible for both business and non-business use and that credit to the picture taker isn't required however is, as usual, acknowledged. What's more, the best part? Adhering to one of these destinations for your picture searches will guarantee that you can have significant serenity in realizing that you won't be in peril of unconsciously submitting a copyright encroachment. **Note: While the destinations we suggest do have copyright free pictures, it is consistently essential to peruse the fine print before utilizing a picture. In spite of the fact that the picture itself might be allowed to utilize, a portion of the things delineated in the pictures, (for example, recognizable individuals, milestones, or trademarked logos) may have different copyrights or trademarks that require assent from an outsider.

Anatomy of a Problem, Part 1

Anatomy of a Problem, Part 1 6.046, Design and Analysis of Algorithms, is one of the most challenging classes I’ve ever taken. It’s a natural followup to MIT’s Introduction to Algorithms class, and dives into the heart of designing and understanding often complicated solutions to important computational problems, especially in the context of limited resources. Limited memory, limited processing power, limited running time, limited accuracy. As a simple example, which well come back to in a followup piece, suppose I gave you a list of numbers in some random order (say 3, 19, 2, 17, 14, 4) and I wanted you to sort it (so you would return 2, 3, 4, 14, 17,19), your ability to do this would depend on being able to directly compare 2 numbers and say things like “2 is smaller than 3” or “2 is smaller than 4”. What if your 2-number comparator was broken? What if you were saddled with a mental comparator that says “X is smaller than Y” and is accurate only 80% of the time? 6.046 is the kind of class that teaches you how to use this broken comparator and quickly produce a correctly sorted list 99.9999% of the time. A lot of the material covered in 6.046 is dense, very fast-paced, and often inter-connected. At first, I was a bit worried about how I’d fare in the class, but after the first two problem sets (p-sets), I realized I actually quite enjoyed spending time on the problems. This mix of curiosity and determination often collided with pain, resulting in weeks where I’d spend up to twenty hours working on every last detail of every problem. I ended up averaging 100% on the p-sets and acing the class. Most of the problems we explored involved applications of nontrivial algorithms introduced in class, resulting in p-set pages that often looked like this: However, some of them, usually the problems that were stepping stones for more involved problems, could be figured out with a bit of thought and intuition, somewhat independently of the concepts formalized in lectures. In this post, we’ll explore one of them. ** This particular problem was largely out of my mind and was brought into focus again by the recent presidential election in the United States. Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton both campaigned to become president. Hillary won the popular vote, earning roughly 2.8 million more votes than Trump, but he won the majority of the electoral votes, securing him the presidency.   Dialogue in the media developed over implications of winning the majority of individual votesby a sizable margin at thatand still losing the election. Structurally, it boiled down to an established political system, in which the final say is only tangentially influenced by the majority votes. I don’t intend to delve into my specific and pretty strong feelings about the recent elections but to set up an interesting point: structures of particular design, which seem poised to have decisions tangentially or directly decided by the majority, may produce non-intuitive results. To illustrate this, imagine that you are the CEO of a prominent ice-cream company and you’re trying to figure out if you should roll out an innovative new flavormaybe the Pineapple-Pizza on Vanilla ice-cream flavor. You decide to give out samples to as many test subjects as you can and use their opinions to make a final decisionYes or Noon whether to initiate your nationwide rollout. But you pride your company on its innovativeness, so instead of just having one person sample many test subjects and decide based on whether the majority of subjects like or dislike the flavor, you decide to divide test subjects into groups of 3, and have the “result” of each group reported to a manager. For any given group of 3, the group result will be “yes” if a majority of the 3 (so 2 or more) says “yes” and “no” if a majority of the group says no. Now, these managers are split into groups of 3, and the majority result of each manager group gets communicated to higher-level managers, who are again split into groups of 3, and so on, and so on, until the final result is communicated to you, the CEO. For instance, suppose you have 9 test subjects, whose responses are: Yes, Yes, No, Yes, Yes, No, Yes, Yes, No. Then the diagram below shows how the result travels up the chain of command to you. Each group of 3 test subjects “report” their majority vote to the manager (coded pink) above them, and each group of 3 managers reports their majority result to the CEO (coded blue). As you can see from the diagram, “Yes” is the majority for every group of test subjects; hence “Yes” is the result reported to the CEO, implying a rollout of the innovative flavor. Here’s another diagram (you may need to zoom in), this time with 27 test subjects, who report to 9 managers, who in turn report to 3 managers, who in turn report to the CEO. This time however, “No” gets reported to the CEO and the flavor is not rolled out. Can you see why?Notice that the first figure has 3 levels, whereas the second figure has 4 (horizontal) levels. We will call the topmost (CEO) level, level 0, the next level, level 1, and so on. In this way, level L contains 3L people. Now, here comes the interesting part. Suppose we had 9 test subjects, like in the first picture. How many of these subjects hold influence over what gets reported to the CEO? Naturally, if all 9 of them say “Yes”, then the CEO will get a “Yes” result. What if only 8 of them say “Yes”? The CEO will still get a “Yes” result. How low can we go? What if only 4 of them say yes? That means 5 of them say no, and since we have more “No” answers than “Yes” answers, the CEO should get a “No” result, right? Wrong! It turns out if only 4 out of 9 say “Yes”, the CEO can still potentially get a “Yes” result! Think of how this might happen for a moment, and then look at the diagram below. The level 1 managers have a “Yes” majority, even though the test subjects have a “No” majority, and therefore the CEO gets a “Yes” result. It’s even more delicate than that. Observe that in the figure below, out of our 9 test subjects, we can pick 4 of them such that we can still ignore the answers of the remaining 5 subjects, whether those answers are “Yes” or “No”, and still know that the CEO will get a “Yes” result. It doesn’t matter what the 5 test subjects whose responses have been crossed out say. As long as the remaining 4 agree on a single decision, this informs the decision the CEO gets. You might say 4 out of 9 is almost 50%, so that makes some kind of sense. It turns out we can’t do the same thing with 3that is, we can’t pick 3 out of 9 test subjects (33%) whose agreement on a decision will ensure the CEOi.e. youadopts that decision as well. You might therefore suspect that given a set of test subjects, there is a minimum percentage of them that you can pick such that if they all agree on a decision, this is the same decision the CEO adopts. Below this percentage, you might say, there is no such guarantee. It turns out this blatantly false. There is no such minimum percentage. In particular,   although 4 out of 9 subjects can override the answers of the others, and 3 out of 9 can’t, this disparity widens the larger the number of test subjects. As an example, suppose you had about 14.3 million test subjects (to be precise 14,348,907 test subjects). How many of them do you think you can pick such that if the picked say “Yes”, then we know that the CEO is guaranteed to say “Yes”? 7 million? 5 million? It turns out you only need to pick slightly over 32,000 test subjects. Put differently, in a pool of 14 million test subjects, ~32,000 of them (or about 0.22% of them) are enough to force the CEO to agree with their decision, regardless of what the remaining 14,000,000+ say. To plug in the precise numbers, given a pool of 14,348,907 test subjects, I can pick 32,768 of them such that if they say “Yes”, and the remaining 14,316,139 of them say “No”, the CEO will end up saying “Yes”, which sounds a little insane. It turns out this is not as surprising as it initially seems, with just a bit of thought. The general rule here is that if we have 3K test subjects, then we can pick 2K of them whose consensus decision overrides the decisions of the remaining test subjects. Now, when K = 15, you’ll see that 215 = 32,768 while 315 = 14,348,907. We were tasked with proving this general rule for a small portion of the problem set (and shortly had to develop a randomized algorithm that utilized this rule). ** Let K = 1. Then our rule just says that given 31 = 3 test subjects, I can pick 21 = 2 of them such that whatever they decide is what the CEO ends up deciding (and in this case, this is actually a majority decision). Now, when K=2, we have 22 = 4 out of 32 = 9 test subjects having this kind of influence. As the value of K increases (to 15, 1000, 2000…) the percentage of “influential” test subjects gets arbitrarily smaller, but this percentage still obeys our rule. Let’s see why. Suppose we have 3K test subjects. Then there would be K+1 levels in our diagram (level 0 for the CEO, level 1 for the 3 topmost managers, level 2 for the 9 subsequent managers, and so on, until we get to level K for our test subjects). Next, consider some level J, where J is any whole number between 1 and K+1. There will be 3J people at this level, some of whose decisions influence the decisions of some of the 3J-1 people at the upper level (for example, the decisions of the first 3 people in level J will influence the decision of the first person in level J-1). More formally, we can pick 2J people at level J whose “Yes” or “No” values determine the “Yes” or “No” values of some 2J-1 people at level J-1. The reasoning for this is a little tricky, but here goes: consider the 3J-1 people at level J-1. Since each of them will either have a “Yes” or a “No” value, a majority of them will have the same valuethat is, at least (3J-1 + 1)/2 will have the same value, and because (3J-1 + 1)/2 is greater than 2J-1, then at least 2J-1 people on level J-1 will have the same “shared value”. The “shared value” for each of these 2J-1 people, E, must have been determined by a majority of the 3 people on level J directly below Ethat is, must have been determined by at least 2 people on level J. This implies that, on level J, there are 2 * 2J-1 = 2J people who determine the shared value for 2J-1 people on level J-1. If we understand that 2J people on level J determine a shared value for 2J-1 people on level J-1, we can build a “chain of dependency”2J-1 people on level J-1 determine a shared value for 2J-2 people on level J-2, who in turn determine a shared value for 2J-3 on level J-3,, and so on, until we get to the end of our chain: 21 people on level 1 determine a shared value for 20 = 1 person on level 0 (the CEO). Therefore, 2J people on level J, for any J 0, determine the CEO’s value. Hence, when you have 3K test subjects on level K, 2K of them will determine the CEO’s decision, and when K = 15, this amounts to a particular group of 32,000 people overriding the values of 14,000,000 people. More visually, when K = 3, this amounts to 8 out of 27 people influencing the final decision, as shown in the diagram below (you may need to zoom in). Observe that regardless of what the remaining 19 crossed out test subjects say, 8 test subjects have already determined what value the CEO gets. This is a not-immediately-intuitive result of a seemingly intuitive “majority-aggregation” structure, and if you’re so inclined, I’m sure you can mine some amount of social commentary from an experiment like this. In a subsequent blogpost, I’ll be discussing a somewhat related concept that arose in 6.046, albeit one that’s slightly more involved. Until then, folks. Post Tagged #6.046

Red Hunting Hat Analysis - 987 Words

Tesia Smith Lipkin Pre-AP English 23 October 2017 Symbolism Symbolism is a way of adding depth and meaning to a story while conveying a complex idea that can be understood and recognized in a variety of ways. Considering that The Catcher in the Rye is a bildungsroman; it deals with complex issues of identity, belonging, and alienation. The reader is exposed to several facets of symbolism that help give substance and characterization to the protagonist of the story, young Holden Caulfield. It is through these assorted symbols that Holden transforms from an average teenager to a socially disturbed and confused individual, constantly longing for something. In this novel, the red hunting hat comes up in moderation, the hunting hat pops up in†¦show more content†¦The first sign of caring that Holden was introduced by Mr. Spencer he shied away making an excuse to leave the house as quickly as he could. Similarly to Jane Gallagher who he had close relations to but since he alienates himself he is too frightened of his own feelings to make r eal contact with her. When Holden is taking cabs to and from lounges and clubs he asks a simple question to the cab drivers, do you know how the ducks survive the winter? Holden mentions these ducks on many occasions, leading to the idea that the ducks have some special place in the novel rather than being just a random subject of Holdens. Hence, the ducks represent the children, whom Holden is solemnly trying to be the childrens catcher in the rye similarly, the ducks, the children, and Holden himself need protection when winter or the harsh times come. He wants to know what will happen to them all when the weather gets really cold or in this case what will happen to him right now since he is out in the real world alone. Ducks are innocent creatures usually used to picture purity. They are not phony in any aspect, and neither are children. The irony comes in that despite their purity, both ducks and children are helpless. Even if ducks manage to fly away by themselves - go south or something (Salinger, 9 1), there is always a chance that a hunter will possibly shoot them down. It is the same way with children: even if they dont see any of the fuck you signs, there willShow MoreRelatedJ.b. Salinger s The Catcher s The Rye 1319 Words   |  6 Pagesstory. Another symbol is Holden’s red hunting hat. Holden buys his red hat after seeing it in a window of a sport’s store in New York. Critics agree that with the analysis of the hat you can see Holden’s development as a character (Allen). When he first mentions it he said, â€Å"It was this red hunting hat, with one of those very, very long peaks†¦ I ll admit but I liked it that way I looked good in that way† (Salinger 17). Holden mentions his hat every time he wears it to bring to our attentionRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Catcher In The Rye1408 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis of The Catcher in the Rye Holden’s story takes place in the 1950s. Because of this, it is necessary that the reader reads the story from multiple points of views. As Foster puts it, â€Å"don’t read with your eyes† (Foster 228) meaning that it is sometimes necessary to read from a perspective that will let you relate to and sympathize with the characters. The time period is shown many times such as when Holden goes dancing and asks a girl if she feels like â€Å"jitterbugging a little bit†Read MoreCatcher In The Rye Symbolism Analysis1225 Words   |  5 Pages A baseball mitt, a red hat, a museum, and ducks are obviously completely different objects, but in The Catcher in the Rye, from 1951, they are closely related. Not only are they all cases of symbolism, but they all connect to the main character’s brother. Holden, the main character, perpetually dwells on the death of his brother Allie and these four figures are representations of his inability to mature, and also his feelings on death and his own life. However, one more symbol, perhaps the mostRead MoreThe The Rye : The Expression Of Individuality1061 Words   |  5 PagesRahul Gudivada EWA2 Literary Analysis 11/9/15 The Catcher in the Rye: The Expression of Individuality In the bildungsroman Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger employs the struggle of individuality, inevitable maturation, and the childhood corruption of adulthood to reveal Holden’s alienation from society. Throughout the novel Holden is rejected and exploited by the society around him. As he is conflicted with himself to find a purpose in life he constantly tries to connect with a superficial societyRead MoreChapter Summary : The Death Of James Castle Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesFrom class discussion and from my own reading, the class and I said that Phoebe and Holden are pretty similar. Others disagreed in class, but I think that they are similar in which they smoke and they both are liars. I still do not understand the red hat symbol clearly. I’m still not sure if it’s just a reminder of Allie or if it is symbolic in any way. Chapters 22-23 Right Side Journal Questions Chapter 22 Who does Holden compare Phoebe to when she finds out that he was expelled from Pencey? HowRead MoreAnalysis Of Characters And Themes Of The Catcher Rye 1537 Words   |  7 Pages Analysis of Characters and Themes in The Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger was born in 1919 to a wealthy Manhattan family. He grew up in the same social conditions as Holden Caulfield does in The Catcher in the Rye. The last thing Salinger cared about was being a successful student because he was very lazy, without care for his responsibilities and tasks. Salinger flunked out of many prep schools, and his parents sent him to a military academy named Valley Forge in Pennsylvania, where he graduatedRead MoreF. D. Salinger s Catcher Of The Rye1721 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough the difficulties he faces throughout the story. Academic controversy surrounds whether Holden learns from these confrontations and adjust accordingly, maturing throughout the story. While initially this seems rather subjective, a thorough analysis of Holden’s actions throughout the story as well as of the symbolism injected by Salinger makes it quite clear that Holden does undergo a significant maturity arc as the story progresses. Holden’s social development and maturation throughout theRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald3044 Words   |  13 Pagesbut she would only go along with the idea once Holden was fully educated so he could find a stable job. (F. Scott Fitzgerald was in a similar situation with his future wife, Zelda Sayre, only agreeing to marry him after he could prove a success). Analysis of context. Women play a key role in both Gatsby’s and Holden’s fantasies, but their perception of their future partners are far from reality (as Holden would say they are ‘phony’) Could just say ‘future partners are ‘phony’, and perhaps analyseRead MoreAnalysis of the Way Conan Doyle Portrays Sherlock Holmes Essay3215 Words   |  13 PagesAnalysis of the Way Conan Doyle Portrays Sherlock Holmes The course of this GCSE assignment I will be focusing my discussion of Conan Doyles portrayal of Sherlock Holmes style of detective work and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle engage readers with the text. I will also provide evidence to support my observations of Sherlock Holmes from the following short stories which I have studied; The Adventure of Speckled Band and The Red-Headed League. Arthur Conan Doyle was bornRead MoreThe Ecotourism Industry Is Directed Towards Natural, Fragile And Relatively Undisturbed Environments3301 Words   |  14 Pagesecotourism industry aware that additional benefits are possible from a well conserved protected area (Sekhar, 2003). In addition, keeping target species in abundance in these healthy natural environments is also crucial. The economic revenue of hunting animals in comparison to the potential income generated from ecotourism greatly out ways the need to hunt and sell animals (Norman and Catlin, 2007). A grey reef shark has been suggested to hold one hundred times more value alive than dead (Gallagher

A comparison of Kern County and Sierra Nevadas Essay

Of Oak Stumps and Oil Pumps nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Great Sierra Nevadas and Kern County are two strikingly different faces of California. The Sierra Nevadas, a natural refuge for a sizeable number of California’s wildlife, houses opportunities for harvesting lumber, a spiritual place to camp or hike on, and simply as an aesthetic marvel in contrast to LA’s bustling city streets. Kern County’s industrial benefits come from Black Gold, oil. The Kern River discovery started an oil boom, and a forest of wooden derricks sprang up overnight. Kern County resembles a dry rocky land. A noticeable lack of movement except for a thousand oil pumps bowing incessantly like Buddhist monks in a trance of prayer. These two places are similar†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;People who live in Kern County are encouraged to take part in the opportunity to become one of the workforces that keeps the place’s gears lubed and turning. Having rich natural resources like cotton fa rms and oil, Kern County offers numerous jobs as is depicted by James Houston in his essay â€Å"In Search of Oildorado† (Houston 278). Oil derricks and cotton farms need a labor force to harvest these natural resources. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The populace of the Sierra Nevadas is inspired to preserve the beauty of its natural resources. The people who live in this place are almost compelled to respect and preserve such a landmark. As Snyder comments: â€Å"I trimmed the stump on a black oak that had fallen and counted the rings: more than three hundred years. There were still lots of standing oaks that big around† (Snyder 257). Reading this, Imagining myself being surrounded by trees that were three centuries old, I had a feeling of responsibility and of reverence. I did not feel obligated to take care of such a place; I simply felt that I wanted to. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The common goal of the population of Kern County is to ensure economic stability and growth. Having such rich oil deposits, Kern County was a beacon of light to everyone who wanted to take a part in harvesting Black Gold. At first, prospectors did not seem to be interested in the county’s oil deposits becauseShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesPredictors and Sample Size 780 Sections and/or chapter numbers in color can be found at www.thomsonedu.com/statistics/peck xii ââ€"   Contents 15 Analysis of Variance 783 15.1 Single-Factor ANOVA and the F Test 784 15.2 Multiple Comparisons 800 15.3 The F Test for a Randomized Block Experiment 15-1 15.4 Two-Factor ANOVA 15-9 15.5 Interpreting and Communicating the Results of Statistical Analyses 15-22 Activity 15.1 Exploring Single-Factor ANOVA 808 Graphing Calculator Exploration 811

Summary Of Back Pain And Pelvic Fracture Free Essays

Back pain is a common symptom which is usually traumatic and work related. It can either be of acute or chronic form and it mostly influenced by different psychosocial factors. There has been a lot of different clinical evidence indicating the effects of various therapies such as Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs usage and the use of Acupuncture. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary Of Back Pain And Pelvic Fracture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The epidemiology of the back pain indicate that about 70% of adult will experience the symptoms in their lifetime, 25% consult the doctor while about 75% have back pain a year later even after consulting their doctors. Those psychosocial factors include compensation issues, marital problems and work dissatisfaction. Acute and chronic forms of back pain are usually difficult to distinguish and once distinguished, the management is quite different. Management of acute back pain can be classified into major and minor forms of management. The major focuses on advising the patient to stay active, cognitive behavioral therapies and the use of NSAIDs and muscle relaxants while the minor management includes Acupuncture, back schools and TENS. Management of chronic back pain entails exercise, management programs (the patient taught how to handle the psychosocial issues, sleep hygiene), analgesics and ligament injections. Acupuncture and manipulation can also be used to manage all the chronic form of back pain but the effectiveness is yet to be ascertained. The hallmarks of managing both acute and chronic form of back pain are basically alleviating the pain and keep the patient active. This is as a result of the recurrent episodes of the symptom which is seen in most back pain patients. The patient can be taught how to manage the exacerbation associated with the condition. In recent times there has been evidences supporting a combination therapy in managing the forms of back pain. The roles of Acupuncture are to reduce pain and increase the patient’s activity. The patients that need acupuncture have been found to be those with mechanical problems, nerve root irritation and the red flag groups. Patients that can’t tolerate NSAIDs, Warfarins and those that don’t need urgent hospital admission can also be managed with acupuncture. The use of acupuncture in the management of the chronic form of back pain is much difficult than it use in acute conditions. Timing and the type of acupuncture are major controversies surrounding the administration of acupuncture. These two factors are majorly influenced by the practitioner’s training and experience, patient’s tolerance to the available types of treatments and availability of appointment. Pelvic fracture is a type of bone fracture involving the bones that forms the boundaries of the pelvic cavity (Pelvis). It is commoner in the growing teens especially those involve in the contact sports and the elderly mostly as a result of the osteoporosis( causing a less dense bones). The fractures could be as a result of avulsion of muscle tendons during sudden contraction or falling astride. Some results from from impact sustained during vehicular accidents. The symptoms ranges from severe pain, swollen parts to bruises with most affected individuals trying to adjust their limb to prevent the pain aggravation. Excessive hemorrhage when occur can lead to shock. Patient with this form of fracture needs an emergency care. How to cite Summary Of Back Pain And Pelvic Fracture, Papers

Foundations of Research Inquiry in Health

Question: What is social isolation like for older people? Answer: Foundations of Research Background: According to Dickens et al. (2011), social isolation is considered as a one of the most important topics in health-related researches. Recently this issue gets the lime light of the media and attracting lots of people because of its high rates of increase. According to the study of Steptoe et al. (2013), it is found that a large number of people in this society are the victims of social isolation. However, it is also found that the older people of the society are the more vulnerable group of this threat than the others (Shankar et al. 2011). Although many researchers try to define the reasons behind the isolations of this group of people through their extensive research studies it is recognized that there are so many factors played as variables as the reason of isolation of the older people, it is hard for the researchers to define, which are the important one. Therefore, the research of this article carefully developed the research question with the help of PICO format. The research question, which is developed with the help of PICO format, is as follows- What is social isolation like for older people? This research question can be considered with importance in the context of the nursing practice due to its severity and the impact of human health. According to the study of (Cacioppo, Hawkley and Thisted 2010), the health consequences of the social isolation are a matter of great concern. The majority of the research studies showed that the social isolation can lead towards several health risks even the death of the victim has been reported. According to Ahmed, and Haboubi (2010), older people are the main victim of social isolation as they are mostly overlooked by their families because of their poor health and feeble memories. According to the research study of Luo et al. (2012), it is found that the older people who are abandoned by their family are mostly suffering from health issues than those who are having the kindest attention of their families. It is also found from the research studies that the older people who have Alzheimer and dementia are mostly avoided by the society. The impact of social stigma is so heavier in their life that they catch up more health issues, mainly depression, which leads them to the deterioration of their health and eventually towards an unwelcome death. Therefore, it can be said that picking up this research question is justified to find out the impact of the social isolation on the older people, especially those who are mentally ill. Database search string: PICO is one of the most helpful to identify the search terminology and form a research question, after answering which the researcher can enlighten the truth and find the interventions. The PICO terms used to develop the questions are as follows- P=Patient, Participants, Problem, Population I= Intervention (Prognostic Factor, Exposure) C= Comparison O= Outcomes Older people Social Isolation - Wellbeing Keywords: The keywords identified with PICO are as follows- Impacts of social isolation on older people Older people and Social Isolation Truncation: In this search string ! is used as a truncation to find a root word and other terms that can be formed by using letters to the end. The is used as follows- Older people and socio!- This search terminology finds the results with- older people with social stigma, older people with social issues and older people with social isolation. Wildcards: In this search string * is used to hold space for other characters and form search terminology such as- Older people Soc*** isolation- which covered older people with socio isolation and older people with sociocultural Abbreviations: No abbreviations were used in the search strategy Boolean Operators: AND is used as one of the most important Boolean Operators in the search string in the following way- Older people and social isolation. Results List of five relevant research articles- Boulos, C., Salameh, P. Barberger-Gateau, P. 2016, "Social isolation and risk for malnutrition among older people: Social isolation and malnutrition",Geriatrics Gerontology International,, pp. n/a. Dickens, A.P., Richards, S.H., Greaves, C.J. Campbell, J.L. 2011, "Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review",BMC public health, 11, no. 1, pp. 647-647. Kono, A., Tadaka, E., Kanaya, Y., Dai, Y., Itoi, W. Imamatsu, Y. 2012, "Development of a community commitment scale with cross-sectional survey validation for preventing social isolation in older Japanese people",BMC public health, 12, no. 1, pp. 903. VICTOR, C.R., SCAMBLER, S.J., BOWLING, A. BOND, J. 2005, "The prevalence of, and risk factors for, loneliness in later life: a survey of older people in Great Britain",Ageing and Society, 25, no. 6, pp. 357-375. Hawton, A., Green, C., Dickens, A.P., Richards, S.H., Taylor, R.S., Edwards, R., Greaves, C.J. Campbell, J.L. 2011, "The impact of social isolation on the health status and health-related quality of life of older people",Quality of Life Research, 20, no. 1, pp. 57-67. Table 1. Peer-reviewed Research Articles Article Reference (authors and publication date) Study Design (i.e., ethnography, cohort, RCT phenomenology,) Population (how many participants, age, gender, disease, etc.) Intervention OR Issue (what was being implemented or studied) Comparison If relevant (what was the intervention compared against?) Outcomes (what were the main findings of the study?) 1 Boulos, C., Salameh, P. Barberger-Gateau, P. 2016 A cohort study was performed by the researchers to find out the impact of social isolation on the older people. To perform the study, 1200 randomly selected older people (65) were included in the study from the rural areas of Lebanon. In this study the researchers interviewed the older people about their isolation and if they are deprived of the food facilities. The issue focused in this study is the malnutrition among the older people as a result of social isolation. In this study, the researchers did not compare any interventions. The result of the study reflects that the social isolation is highly related with the increasing malnutrition risks among the older people. However, they were unable to find any relationship between the risk of malnutrition and frequency of sharing of meals. 2 Dickens, A.P., Richards, S.H., Greaves, C.J. Campbell, J.L. 2011 Secondary research was performed to find out a proper intervention step for the older people who are suffering social isolation. More than 7067 papers were analysed by the researchers and evidence were collected. The following types of interventions procedures were used in this study- BCI (Bereavement crisis intervention), SAI (Social adjustment intervention). The researchers of this study compared the interventions between the randomised group and the control group From the study, it is found overall increment in social network helped to decrease the impact of social isolation 3 Kono, A., Tadaka, E., Kanaya, Y., Dai, Y., Itoi, W. Imamatsu, Y. 2012 A pilot test was performed by the researchers, which was followed by a cohort study. In this research populations of two local governments (Matsubara and Daito) were included in this study. The total number of participant of this is 859 In this paper, the researchers focused on the interventions (CCS) in a community to prevent social isolation among the older Japanese people. In this study, the researchers did not compare any interventions between the control group and study group. The result of the research study showed that the intervention (CCS) used by the researcher in this study have validity and is capable of helping the older people who are the victim of social isolation. 4 VICTOR, C.R., SCAMBLER, S.J., BOWLING, A. BOND, J. 2005 A cohort study had been performed by the researchers with the help of face to face interview to find out the risk factors of the social isolation among the older people. For this study, 999 participants were selected who are aged more than 65 years old and live in their home. In this research study, the researchers were focused on the prevalence of the risk factors, which are related with the loneliness of the older people. In this study, the researchers did not compare any interventions between the control group and study group. The result showed the risk factors related to health increases due to the loneliness and social isolation of the older people. 5 Hawton, A., Green, C., Dickens, A.P., Richards, S.H., Taylor, R.S., Edwards, R., Greaves, C.J. Campbell, J.L. 2011 A cohort study had been performed by the researchers to find out the impact of social isolation on the health status of the older people. For this study, 393 participants were selected by the researchers based on inclusion criteria. In this study, the researchers focused on the impact of social isolation on the health of older people. In this study, the researchers did not compare any interventions between the control group and study group. As the result of this study, the researchers showed the degree of clinical attendance increases among the older people with the increase of social isolation. Discussion According to Hawkley and Cacioppo (2010), the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses (AMSN) considers EBP (evidenced based practice) is the best way to develop best patient care. The impact of EBP is already proved as very helpful in the nursing practice. From the research study of Cacioppo et al. (2011), it is found that the patient outcomes can be improved immensely with the significant help of evidence-based practices. However, the use of evidence-based practice is a time-consuming method and needs extensive search knowledge. To perform evidence-based practices first, it is important to develop a research question, answering which the researcher can meet the target of the research or fulfil the research purpose. I found that the use of PICO format was extensively helpful to develop an ideal research question. An ideal research question should be consists of four parts such as the participants/ patients, Interventions/ issues, Comparison and outcomes. While developing the research ques tion, I found PICO format is efficient as it helped to identify each of the elements of the research question, such as older people, social isolation and the wellbeing of the older people. Therefore, I can say that the formation of research question helped me to enrich my knowledge about the current health care issues and find out proper interventions for the patients. On the other hand, while developing the research string, I gathered knowledge how to use the Keywords, Truncation, Abbreviations, Wildcards and Boolean operators. With the help of proper search terminology, I managed to find five most relevant papers that helped me to find out the answers to the research question. To analyse those papers, I have used a table format, which helped me to analyse each of the important sections of the research paper in a proper way. The identification of related research not only helped me to find out the answer to the research question but also helped me to enrich my knowledge about the s elected health-related issue. From the articles, I found that the social isolation has a deep impact on the health of the victims. I also found recognized that the older people are the most vulnerable towards social isolation. The associated research articles enriched my knowledge about the interventions that can be taken by the community members to help the older people who are the victim of social isolation. In addition, with evidence now I know the severity of the social isolation among the old people. The evidence I have gathered after reviewing the associated current journals are indeed helpful to take or promote proper interventions to help the older people who are vulnerable towards the social isolation (Perissinotto, Cenzer and Covinsky 2012). While searching the relevant papers with the help of appropriate search terminology I found a handful of papers where the researchers compared the impact of social isolation with the loneliness of the older people, which in turn enrich ed my knowledge about the topic and encouraged me to perform EBP in an extensive way. Reference Ahmed, T. and Haboubi, N., 2010. Assessment and management of nutrition in older people and its importance to health.Clin Interv Aging,5(1), pp.207-16. Boulos, C., Salameh, P. Barberger-Gateau, P. 2016, "Social isolation and risk for malnutrition among older people: Social isolation and malnutrition",Geriatrics Gerontology International,, pp. n/a. Cacioppo, J.T., Hawkley, L.C. and Thisted, R.A., 2010. Perceived social isolation makes me sad: 5-year cross-lagged analyses of loneliness and depressive symptomatology in the Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study.Psychology and aging,25(2), p.453. Cacioppo, J.T., Hawkley, L.C., Norman, G.J. and Berntson, G.G., 2011. Social isolation.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,1231(1), pp.17-22. Dickens, A.P., Richards, S.H., Greaves, C.J. and Campbell, J.L., 2011. Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review.BMC public health,11(1), p.1. Dickens, A.P., Richards, S.H., Greaves, C.J. Campbell, J.L. 2011, "Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review",BMC public health,vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 647-647. Hawkley, L.C. and Cacioppo, J.T., 2010. Loneliness matters: A theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms.Annals of Behavioral Medicine,40(2), pp.218-227. Hawton, A., Green, C., Dickens, A.P., Richards, S.H., Taylor, R.S., Edwards, R., Greaves, C.J. Campbell, J.L. 2011, "The impact of social isolation on the health status and health-related quality of life of older people",Quality of Life Research,vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 57-67. Kono, A., Tadaka, E., Kanaya, Y., Dai, Y., Itoi, W. Imamatsu, Y. 2012, "Development of a community commitment scale with cross-sectional survey validation for preventing social isolation in older Japanese people",BMC public health,vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 903. Luo, Y., Hawkley, L.C., Waite, L.J. and Cacioppo, J.T., 2012. Loneliness, health, and mortality in old age: A national longitudinal study.Social science medicine,74(6), pp.907-914. Perissinotto, C.M., Cenzer, I.S. and Covinsky, K.E., 2012. Loneliness in older persons: a predictor of functional decline and death.Archives of internal medicine,172(14), pp.1078-1084. Shankar, A., McMunn, A., Banks, J. and Steptoe, A., 2011. Loneliness, social isolation, and behavioral and biological health indicators in older adults.Health Psychology,30(4), p.377. Steptoe, A., Shankar, A., Demakakos, P. and Wardle, J., 2013. Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,110(15), pp.5797-5801. VICTOR, C.R., SCAMBLER, S.J., BOWLING, A. BOND, J. 2005, "The prevalence of, and risk factors for, loneliness in later life: a survey of older people in Great Britain",Ageing and Society,vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 357-375.